Co-published by the World Economic Forum and McKinsey, December 2023

This whitepaper explores how circular practices, such as recycling and material reuse, can reduce embodied carbon in key building materials like concrete, steel, and aluminum. It highlights strategies for reducing emissions while unlocking business opportunities, positioning circularity as a solution for decarbonizing the construction sector and contributing to global climate goals.

Keywords: Building Retrofits, Climate Change, Energy Efficiency/Management, Renewable Energy, Smart Cities